There are multiple overlapping non-international (internal) and international armed conflicts taking place in Syria:

• Syria continued to be involved in an international armed conflict with the US-led coalition against ISIL, due to the coalition’s military intervention in Syria without the consent of the GoS. 
   
• Syria continued to be involved in an international armed conflict with Türkiye, who has carried out military operations against GoS, ISIL and Kurdish armed groups in 
• Syria, and controls parts of northern Syria with the help of anti-GoS armed groups.
   
• Syria continued to be involved in an international armed conflict with Israel as well, who has been conducting air strikes on Iranian targets in Syria without the consent of the GoS, and controls parts of Syria. 
• Syria continued to be involved in several non-international armed conflicts with various anti-GoS armed groups, most notably HTS, the SNA, the SDF and ISIL.

[Security 2023, 1.1., pp. 16-17; Security 2022, 1.1, p. 17]