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Roadmap for Cooperation between the EUAA and EGYPT

… Roadmap for Cooperation between the EUAA and EGYPT This is the 2nd Roadmap for Cooperation between the EUAA and Egypt. The main objective is to enhance the protection space for asylum seekers and refugees in Egypt, in line with the CEAS and EU standards. 16 June 2025 2025/EICU/285 Roadmap for Cooperation EUAA EUAA External cooperation … Roadmap for Cooperation between the EUAA and EGYPT …

1.2.2. International actors

… the eruption of the conflict, both the SAF and the RSF have sought support from external actors. The SAF maintained close ties with Egypt 290 reflecting long-standing relations between the two countries’ militaries. 291 It has been alleged, including by the experts and the RSF, that Egypt provided the SAF with aerial support, Chinese-made K-8 fighter jets, ammunitions and training, as well as weaponry and military intelligence to the SAF-allied SLA-MM forces. 292 While Egypt’s minister of foreign affairs denied that his country was providing military support to the SAF, 293 Egyptian president Abdel …

3.2.5. Restrictions on access and return to certain areas

… Restrictions on access and return to certain areas IOM indicated that there are increasing reports of forced returns to Sudan from Egypt, with those forcibly returned facing 'extreme and dire conditions', and that there have been reports of deaths due to … of people being targeted upon return to Sudan. However, he has knowledge of Sudanese nationals being targeted abroad, particularly in Egypt, by Egyptian security services, mainly due to criticising the UAE, in what appears to be a 'trend of silencing anti-UAE voices abroad'. …

1.3.1. Humanitarian situation

… 3.25 million individuals – an estimated 70 % of them Sudanese nationals – had crossed into neighbouring countries, in particular into Egypt (37%), Chad (29 %) and South Sudan (27%). 338 In figures, 1 200 000 Sudanese nationals crossed into Egypt, 719 482 into Chad, 211 555 into South Sudan, 83 554 into Ethiopia, 30 246 into the Central African Republic and 19 482 into … June 2024, 465 900 Sudanese sought refuge abroad, including in neighbouring states such as the Central African Republic (CAR), Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia and South Sudan, but increasingly also in other countries such as Libya, Tunisia and Uganda, according to UNHCR. 341 …

2.5. External dimension of the EU’s asylum policy

… is guided by a dedicated action plan, presented in the first quarter of 2026. 64 Comprehensive partnerships were concluded with Egypt, 65 Jordan 66 and Mauritania 67 over the past years. Throughout 2025, the Prague Process continued to promote migration … in the region. 69 As part of the broader effort to tackle migrant smuggling, in April 2025 Europol signed a working arrangement with Egypt. This cooperation extends to other law enforcement areas, such as the fight against terrorism, drug trafficking and other forms …

1.2.3. Updated list of main actors

… 136 while Türkiye also deployed three F-16 fighter jets, 137 helicopters, 138 and modern battle tanks to Mogadishu. 139 Egypt, which had thus far only sent military gear, deployed 1 091 soldiers to Mogadishu in February 2026 to take part in AUSSOM operations. 140 Both Egypt and Sudan provided training for Somali intelligence officers. Meanwhile, Ethiopia, Kenya and the UAE cooperated with and …

1.2.1. Major state and non-state armed groups

… drones) 174 and Iran, 175 (Mohajer-6, 176 Shahid and Ababil drones), 177 The SAF reportedly also received arms shipments from Egypt. 178 During the reference period, the SAF consolidated its overall operational capabilities, including in terms of personnel …

Annex 1: Bibliography

… , accessed 20 January 2025 AFP (Agence France-Presse), Egypt's Sisi assures Sudan army chief of 'continued support', 5 November 2024, available by subscription at: … strategic city due to in-fighting, 11 November 2024, https://3ayin.com/en/west-kordofan-5/ , accessed 16 December 2024 Ayin Network, Egypt’s intervention in Sudan’s war, 27 December 2024, https://3ayin.com/en/egyptsaf/ , accessed 20 January 2025 Ayin Network, Escalation of fighting in Al-Jazeera State, 7 December 2024, …

2.5.1. Actors involved and territorial control

… territorial control In the reference period, 913 the SAF retained control over the country’s north, 914 including the border with Egypt. 915 With the onset of the conflict in mid-April 2023, the RSF claimed to control strategic locations in Northern state’s Merowe …

6. Security situation

… Palestine, fled to Lebanon during the mass displacement of Palestinians during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. 353 Lebanon together with Egypt, Syria, Jordan, and Iraq declared war against the new state, which ended in early 1949 with an armistice 354 that brought …

3.2.1. Return trends

… of 2026. Syrian refugees returned mainly from Türkiye (40 %), Lebanon (38 %) and Jordan (18 %), with smaller numbers from Iraq (3 %), Egypt (2 %) and other countries. 936 As of 30 April 2026, most returns from abroad have been recorded to Damascus, Idlib, Aleppo, …

2.3. Complementing the legislative framework

… The European Commission proposed to establish the first EU list of safe countries of origin. This includes Bangladesh, Colombia, Egypt, India, Kosovo, ii Morocco and Tunisia. The EU accession candidate countries are included in the EU list, provided that the …

6.1. Conflict background

3.2. Return trends and conditions upon return

2.1.2. Mobility and accessibility

… Airport serves as the primary entry point to Somalia. 911 Airlines flying to Mogadishu include Daallo Airlines, Fly Dubai, Egypt Air, Qatar Airways, Uganda Airlines, Ethiopian Airlines, Kenya Airways and Turkish Airlines. 912 A recent source (March 2025) …

4.3.2. Armed conflict (international or internal)

… on tribal militias . Reports indicate various forms of foreign involvement, including political and military support from Iran, Egypt, Eritrea and Saudi Arabia to the SAF, and from the UAE, although denied by the UAE, Russia’s former Wagner Group, now renamed …

1.1. Historical background

… background Sudan has a complex history marked by colonialism, civil war and authoritarianism. The country was a joint protectorate of Egypt and the United Kingdom known as the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium until 1956. 5 After gaining independence, the country was mostly ruled by military authorities and faced high …

4.1.4. Managing caseloads and assessing applications for international protection

… by positive decisions issued to applicants from Burkina Faso and Mali, and negative decisions issued to applicants from Bangladesh, Egypt, Pakistan, Morocco and Tunisia (in descending order). Greece (55,000) issued the most decisions at first instance in 4 years. …

Recent developments

… on the application of the safe country of origin concept: Inclusion of the following countries on an EU list: Bangladesh, Colombia, Egypt, India, Kosovo According to the Council and the European Parliament, this designation is without prejudice to positions on …

2.10.7. Conflict-induced displacement and return

… 1060 The fall of Assad has encouraged voluntary returns of Syrians from Türkiye. 1061 As of March 2026, about 38 000 Syrians in Egypt had prepared their return to Syria since December 2024. 41 % (about 15 000) had origins in Damascus. 1062 In February 1063 and …

6.1.5. Children

3.2.3. Airport and flight connections (domestic and international)

… (domestic and international) Sources indicated that international flights from Arab countries to Port Sudan were available (e.g. Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the UAE). 606 FlightConnections indicates that Port Sudan has airlines' connections with countries including … including Juba (Badr Airlines), Riyadh (Tarco Aviation and Starlink Aviation), Jeddah (Tarco Aviation and Starlink Aviation), Cairo (Egyptair and Badr Airlines), Djibouti (Taquan Air), Addis Ababa (Ethiopian Airlines and Badr Airlines), Doha (Tarco Aviation and …

2.2. The Sudanese authorities, the Sudanese Armed Forces [SAF] and main allies

… with combat drones acquired from Türkiye and Iran. Additionally, the SAF reportedly received arms shipments and aerial support from Egypt. The SAF strengthened its operational capabilities, including personnel numbers, aviation systems, and defence industries. …

1.1. Recent political and security developments

… deepened a number of bilateral military and defence cooperation agreements with regional states and powers, notably with Türkiye, 52 Egypt, 53 Qatar, 54 Djibouti, 55 Saudi Arabia, 56 Uganda, 57 Pakistan, 58 and Italy. 59 At the same time, all agreements with the …