The analysis is intended primarily as a useful point of reference for members of courts and tribunals of EU+ countries concerned with hearing appeals or conducting reviews of decisions on applications for international protection involving vulnerable applicants. It endeavours to keep explanations clear and easy to understand. It is hoped that the material is set out in a user-friendly way that is easily accessible for judges and tribunal members, whether they are international protection law specialists or decision-makers who combine asylum decision-making with other areas of judicial work.