2.3.4. Social support networks and availability of support to specific groups

Society in Puntland, and therefore also in Garowe, is clan-based.1143 Clan elders are an important institution for effective conflict resolution in Garowe.1144 Generally, there are various clans groups residing in Garowe. The locally dominant group is Darood/Harti/Majeerteen/Ise Mahamoud. Besides, various other Darood groups reside there, including many Harti (like: other Majeerteen, Dhulbahante, Warsangeli and others), but also Darood/Leylkase or Darood/Awrtable. Refugees from southern Somalia and minority groups also have a significant presence in Garowe. On the one hand, clan protection works according to group strength. But on the other, and possible predominantly, the formal justice system (based on a trained judiciary) works and is, in principle, open to every resident of Garowe regardless of clan (size and power). If there is a conflict between individuals, the matter can be adjudicated quite effectively before local courts.1145

A considerable number of IDPs reside in three camps near Garowe. These are Camp Jawle, Camp Shabelle, Hodaale and Boorweyn. Many of these IDPs are from southern Somalia (mainly Rahanweyn and Bantu/Jareer). Others are people from Puntland (north-eastern Somalia) who lost their animals during recurrent droughts in the region over the past years.1146 The CCCM Cluster for Somalia reported in May 2022 that there were 26 IDP sites in and around the city ‘hosting 8,541 households or 53,541 individuals.’ Only very few (1,4 %) had difficulties with accessing health services. But 36 % of IDP sites had severe risks of eviction.1147 One source added that ‘While IDPs in Garowe still face barriers to care, there is also access to health clinics and human rights defenders.’1148