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  • 3. Subsidiary protection
  • 3.3. Article 15(c) QD
  • 3.3.4. Indiscriminate violence

3.3.4.3. Assessment by governorate

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Table of Contents

  • Introduction
  • Guidance note
    • General remarks, including the implications of leaving Syria
    • 1. Actors of persecution or serious harm
    • 2. Refugee status
      • Guidance on particular profiles
    • 3. Subsidiary protection
      • Article 15(a) QD
      • Article 15(b) QD
      • Article 15(c) QD
    • 4. Actors of protection
    • 5. Internal protection alternative
      • Part of the country
      • Safety
      • Travel and admittance
      • Reasonableness to settle
    • 6. Exclusion
      • a. Crime against peace, war crime or crime against humanity
      • b. Serious (non-political) crime
      • c. Acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN
      • d. Danger to the community or the security of the Member State
  • Common analysis
  • General remarks, including the implications of leaving Syria
  • 1. Actors of persecution or serious harm
    • Preliminary remarks
    • Overview: areas of control
    • 1.1. The Government of Syria and associated armed groups
    • 1.2. Syrian Democratic Forces and Asayish
    • 1.3. Anti-government armed groups
    • 1.4. Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)
    • 1.5. Other non-State actors
  • 2. Refugee status
    • Preliminary remarks
    • Analysis of particular profiles
      • 2.1. Persons perceived to be opposing the government
        • 2.1.1. Members of anti-government armed groups
        • 2.1.2. Political activists, opposition party members and protesters seen as opposing the government
        • 2.1.3 Civilians originating from areas associated with opposition to the government
      • 2.2. Persons who evaded or deserted military service
        • 2.2.1. Draft evaders
        • 2.2.2. Military deserters and defectors
      • 2.3. Persons with perceived links to ISIL
      • 2.4. Members of and persons perceived to be collaborating with the SDF and YPG
      • 2.5. Persons perceived to be opposing the SDF/YPG
      • 2.6. Persons fearing forced or child recruitment by Kurdish forces
      • 2.7. Persons associated with the Government of Syria
        • 2.7.1. Members of the Government of Syria and Baath party officials
        • 2.7.2. Members of government armed forced and pro-government armed groups
        • 2.7.3 Civilians perceived to be supporting the government
      • 2.8. Journalists, other media professionals and citizen journalists
      • 2.9. Human rights activists
      • 2.10. Doctors, other medical personnel and civil defence volunteers
      • 2.11. Ethno-religious groups
        • 2.11.1. Sunni Arabs
        • 2.11.2. Kurds
        • 2.11.3. Druze
        • 2.11.4. Alawites
        • 2.11.5. Christians
        • 2.11.6. Yazidis
        • 2.11.7. Palestinians
      • 2.12. Women
        • 2.12.1. Violence against women and girls: overview
        • 2.12.2. Women perceived to be associated with anti-government armed groups
        • 2.12.3. Forced and child marriage
        • 2.12.4. Women perceived to have violated family honour
        • 2.12.5. Single women and female-headed households
      • 2.13. Children
        • 2.13.1. Violence against children: overview
        • 2.13.2. Child recruitment
        • 2.13.3. Child labour
        • 2.13.4. Child marriage
        • 2.13.5. Access to education
        • 2.13.6. Lack of documentation
      • 2.14. LGBTI persons
  • 3. Subsidiary protection
    • 3.1. Article 15(a) QD
    • 3.2. Article 15(b) QD
    • 3.3. Article 15(c) QD
      • 3.3.1. Preliminary remarks
      • 3.3.2. Armed conflict (international or internal)
      • 3.3.3. Qualification of a person as a ‘civilian’
      • 3.3.4. Indiscriminate violence
        • 3.3.4.1. Indicators
        • 3.3.4.2. Overview
        • 3.3.4.3. Assessment by governorate
          • Aleppo
          • Damascus
          • Dar'a
          • Deir Ez-Zor
          • Hama
          • Hasaka
          • Homs
          • Idlib
          • Latakia
          • Quneitra
          • Raqqa
          • Rural Damascus
          • Sweida
          • Tartous
      • 3.3.5. Serious and individual threat
      • 3.3.6. Qualification of the harm as ‘threat to (a civilian’s) life or person'
      • 3.3.7. Nexus/’by reason of’
  • 4. Actors of protection
    • 4.1. The State
    • 4.2. Parties or organisations
  • 5. Internal protection alternative
    • 5.1. Preliminary remarks
    • 5.2. Part of the country
    • 5.3. Safety
    • 5.4. Travel and admittance
    • 5.5. Reasonableness to settle
      • 5.5.1. General situation
      • 5.5.2. Individual circumstances
      • 5.5.3. Conclusions on reasonableness
  • 6. Exclusion
    • 6.1. Preliminary remarks
    • 6.2. Exclusion grounds
      • 6.2.1. Crime against peace, war crime, or crime against humanity
      • 6.2.2. Serious (non-political) crime
      • 6.2.3. Acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN
      • 6.2.4. Danger to the community or the security of the Member State
    • 6.3. Relevant circumstances
      • 6.3.1. The Syrian intervention in the Lebanese civil war and presence in Lebanon (1976 – 2005)
      • 6.3.2. The Muslim Brotherhood Uprising in Syria (1979-1982)
      • 6.3.3. Current conflicts (2011 – ongoing)
      • 6.3.4. Criminal activity
    • 6.4. Guidance with regard to Syria
  • Abbreviations and glossary
  • COI references
  • Relevant case law

 

Please cite as: EUAA, '3.3.4.3. Assessment by governorate' in Country Guidance: Syria, January 2022.

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This section includes analysis and conclusion for each governorate in Syria:
>> Aleppo
>> Damascus
>> Dar’a
>> Deir Ez-Zor
>> Hama
>> Hasaka
>> Homs
>> Idlib
>> Latakia
>> Quneitra
>> Raqqa
>> Rural Damascus
>> Sweida
>> Tartous

Book traversal links for 3.3.4.3. Assessment by governorate

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