COMMON ANALYSIS
Last update: June 2025
The analysis below is based on the following EUAA COI following EUAA COI reports: Country Focus 2024, 1.1.3; Country Focus 2025, 1.3, 1.4.. Country Guidance should not be referred to as a source of COI.
Sudan faced a surge of criminality and the collapse of the rule of law, resulting in the disruption of police functions, destruction and looting of law enforcement facilities, including police stations, and the inability to protect civilians from armed groups and criminals. Reportedly, the RSF attacked national and state prisons across multiple states leading to the release of thousands of prisoners, some of whom joined military operations, while others engaged in criminal activities.
All parties to the conflict, including the SAF, the RSF and their allies, as well as other armed or criminal groups, have reportedly been involved in murders, rapes, kidnappings, enforced disappearances, extortion and trafficking. IDPs and civilians fleeing the country have been particularly vulnerable to this type of criminal activities.
For violence linked to trafficking in human beings, please also refer to 3.9.4. Trafficking in women and girls and 3.10.2 Child labour and child trafficking.
A real risk of violent crime, such as abduction, murder or violence in relation to trafficking in human beings would meet the requirements under Article 15(b) QD/QR.
Where there is no nexus to a reason for persecution under the refugee definition, and there is a reasonable degree of likelihood for the individual to face violent crime, this risk would qualify under Article 15(b) QD/QR.
Exclusion considerations may be relevant to this profile, as some criminals may have been involved in excludable acts (see 7. Exclusion).