This section focuses on the application of the provision of Article 15(c) QD/QR. Under Article 2(f) QD/QR in conjunction with Article 15(c) QD/QR, subsidiary protection is granted where substantial grounds have been shown for believing that the person would face a real risk of suffering serious harm defined as serious and individual threat to a civilian’s life or person by reason of indiscriminate violence in situations of international or internal armed conflict. The individual assessment of real risk of serious harm in the context of Article 15(c) QD/QR takes also into account any 'mere presence' situation in the areas the applicant would need to travel through in order to reach their home area.
Each element of the provision is addressed in a separate subsection. As mentioned in Country Guidance: explained, all of these elements have to be fulfilled in order to grant subsidiary protection under Article 15(c) QD/QR.
The contents of this section include:
- 4.3.1. Preliminary remarks
- 4.3.2. Armed conflict (international or internal)
- 4.3.3. Qualification of a person as a ‘civilian’
- 4.3.4. Indiscriminate violence
- 4.3.5. Serious and individual threat
- 4.3.6. Qualification of the harm as a ‘threat to (a civilian’s) life or person’
- 4.3.7. Nexus/‘by reason of’