Examples of circumstances to take into account in the risk assessment:
■ level and nature of involvement
■ visibility of the applicant (e.g. high profile, prior arrest, media appearance)
■ participation in gatherings or manifestations
■ etc.
Potential nexus:
■ (imputed) political opinion
Read more in the common analysis on 2.3 Members of separatist movements and individuals perceived as supporting them
Examples of circumstances to take into account in the risk assessment:
■ level of involvement with the militant organisation
■ activities of the applicant
■ etc.
Former members of the militant groups participating in the DDR programme generally do not have a well-founded fear of persecution related to their past involvement.
Potential nexus:
■ (imputed) political opinion
Read more in the common analysis on 2.4 Members of militant groups in the Niger Delta and individuals perceived as supporting them
Examples of circumstances to take into account in the risk assessment:
■ level of political activity
■ participating as a candidate in elections
■ etc.
Potential nexus:
■ (imputed) political opinion
Read more in the common analysis on 2.5 Members and perceived supporters of political parties
Examples of circumstances to take into account in the risk assessment:
■ place of work
■ nature of activities (e.g. those working with LGBT communities may be at a particular risk)
■ visibility of activities and public profile
■ gender
■ etc.
Potential nexus:
■ (imputed) political opinion
■ religion
Read more in the common analysis on 2.7 Human rights activists, bloggers, journalists and other media workers
Examples of circumstances to take into account in the risk assessment:
■ area of origin
■ gender
■ in the case of the Shia minority – engagement with IMN
■ etc.
Potential nexus:
■ religion
■ the case of the Shia minority: religion and/or (imputed) political opinion
Read more in the common analysis on 2.8 Christian and Muslim minorities in specific areas
Examples of circumstances to take into account in the risk assessment:
■ area of origin
■ gender
■ age (children and elderly women are generally at a higher risk)
■ relevant events in the local community (e.g. death of a child, miscarriage of a pregnant woman)
■ visible disabilities
■ ‘unusual’ behaviour or attributes (e.g. being intersex)
■ family status (e.g. widow, orphan)
■ barrenness
■ etc.
Potential nexus:
■ religion
■ membership of a particular social group (e.g. twins, persons with visible physical and mental disabilities)
Read more in the common analysis on 2.9 Individuals accused of witchcraft
Examples of circumstances to take into account in the risk assessment:
■ perception of the local community
■ perception of the family
■ etc.
Potential nexus
■ membership of a particular social group
Read more in the common analysis on 2.9 Persons with albinism
Examples of circumstances to take into account in the risk assessment:
■ amount of ‘debt’ to traffickers
■ whether the applicant has testified against the traffickers
■ level of power/capability of the traffickers
■ the traffickers’ knowledge about the victims’ family and background
■ age
■ family status (e.g. orphan, single woman)
■ socio-economic background and financial means
■ level of education
■ availability of support network (family or other)
■ family’s involvement in the trafficking
■ etc.
Potential nexus:
■ membership of a particular social group (e.g. victims of trafficking whose return is perceived by the surrounding society as a failure, or who return with health problems)
Read more in the common analysis on 2.12 Victims of human trafficking, including forced prostitution
Examples of circumstances to take into account in the risk assessment:
Gender-based violence:
■ area of origin
■ age
■ being an IDP living in a camp
■ family status (e.g. single mother)
■ being subjected to forced marriage
■ socio-economic status
■ level of education
■ support network (family or other)
■ etc.
Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C):
■ ethnic group
■ views of the parents/mother on the practice
■ age
■ level of education of the parents/mother
■ area of origin
■ etc.
Child / forced marriage:
■ area of origin
■ ethnic group
■ religion
■ age
■ level of education of the individual
■ level of education of the family
■ socio-economic status of the family
■ etc.
Potential nexus:
■ membership of a particular social group (e.g. Yoruba girls under the age of 5 who have not been subjected to FGM/C, women and girls perceived to have had sex outside of marriage in the context of Boko Haram violence)
Read more in the common analysis on 2.13 Women and girls
Examples of circumstances to take into account in the risk assessment:
■ nature and visibility of the mental or physical disability
■ perception by the family
■ etc.
Potential nexus:
■ membership of a particular social group
Read more in the common analysis on 2.15 Persons with disabilities
Examples of circumstances to take into account in the risk assessment:
The death penalty amounts to persecution.
Potential nexus:
In general, no nexus.
However, depending on the crime and legal system:
■ political opinion (e.g. treason and conspiracy to treason)
■ religion (in Sharia-implementing states)
■ membership of a particular social group (e.g. link to LGBT persons)
Read more in the common analysis on 2.16 Individuals accused of crimes punishable by the death penalty
