Home Country Guidance Afghanistan 2022 3. Subsidiary protection 3.3. Article 15(c) QD 3.3.3. Indiscriminate violence New version of this publication is available Table of Contents Introduction Guidance note General remarks Actors of persecution and serious harm Refugee status Guidance on particular profiles with regard to qualification for refugee status Subsidiary protection Article 15(a) QD Article 15(b) QD Article 15(c) QD Actors of protection Internal protection alternative Exclusion Crime against peace, war crime or crime against humanity Serious (non-political) crime Acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN Danger to the community or the security of the Member State Common analysis General remarks 1. Actors of persecution or serious harm Preliminary remarks 1.1. Taliban 1.2. Former State actors and resistance to the Taliban 1.3. Haqqani network 1.4. Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP) 1.5. Al Qaeda 1.6. Foreign terrorist groups and fighters 1.7. Other non-State actors 2. Refugee status Preliminary remarks Analysis of particular profiles 2.1. Persons affiliated with the former Afghan government 2.2. Individuals who have worked for foreign military troops or perceived as supporting them 2.3. Religious leaders 2.4. Persons fearing forced recruitment by armed groups 2.5. Educational personnel 2.6. Healthcare professionals and humanitarian workers, including individuals working for national and international NGOs 2.7. Journalists and media workers 2.8. Human rights defenders 2.9. Individuals perceived to have transgressed moral and/or societal norms Moral and societal norms in Afghanistan 2.9.1. Honour-based violence and moral offences 2.9.2. Individuals perceived as ‘Westernised’ 2.10. Individuals considered to have committed blasphemy and/or apostasy 2.11. Ethnic and religious minorities 2.11.1. Individuals of Hazara ethnicity 2.11.2. Shia, including Ismaili 2.11.3. Hindus and Sikhs 2.12. Women Situation of women after the Taliban takeover 2.12.1. Violence against women and girls: overview 2.12.2. Harmful traditional marriage practices 2.12.3. Women in public roles 2.12.4. Women perceived to have transgressed moral and/or societal norms 2.12.5. Single women and female heads of households 2.13. Children 2.13.1. Violence against children: overview 2.13.2. Child marriage 2.13.3. Child recruitment 2.13.4. Child labour and child trafficking 2.13.5. Education of children and girls in particular 2.13.6. Children without a support network in Afghanistan 2.14. LGBTIQ persons 2.15. Persons living with disabilities and persons with severe medical issues 2.16. Individuals involved in blood feuds and land disputes 2.16.1. Blood feuds 2.16.2. Land disputes 2.17. Individuals accused of ordinary crimes 2.18. Individuals who were born in Iran or Pakistan and/or who lived there for a long period of time 3. Subsidiary protection 3.1. Article 15(a) QD 3.2. Article 15(b) QD 3.3. Article 15(c) QD Preliminary remarks 3.3.1. Armed conflict (international or internal) 3.3.2. Qualification of a person as a ‘civilian’ 3.3.3. Indiscriminate violence Assessment of indiscriminate violence: general approach Security situation in Afghanistan: recent events 3.3.4. Serious and individual threat 3.3.5. Qualification of the harm as ‘threat to (a civilian’s) life or person' 3.3.6. Nexus/’by reason of’ 4. Actors of protection 5. Internal protection alternative 6. Exclusion Preliminary remarks 6.1. Exclusion grounds 6.1.1. Crime against peace, war crime, crime against humanity 6.1.2. Serious (non-political) crime 6.1.3. Acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations 6.1.4. Danger to the community or the security of the Member State 6.2. Relevant circumstances 6.2.1. Past conflicts (1979-2001) 6.2.2. Conflicts since 2001 6.2.3. Criminality 6.3. Guidance with regard to Afghanistan 6.3.1. Article 12(2)(a) QD and Article 17(1)(a) QD 6.3.2. Article 12(2)(b) QD and Article 17(1)(b) QD 6.3.3. Article 12(2)(c) QD and Article 17(1)(c) QD Abbreviations and glossary Country of origin information references Relevant case law Share Print COMMON ANALYSIS The contents of this section include: Assessment of indiscriminate violence: general approach Security situation in Afghanistan: recent events Book traversal links for 3.3.3. Indiscriminate violence Previous Parent Next
