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National Asylum Developments Database

 

The National Asylum Developments Database presents legislative, institutional and policy developments related to asylum since 2018.

Searches can be narrowed down by:

  • Country
  • Year
  • Type of development: legislative, institutional or policy 
  • Thematic area: access to procedure, access to information, legal assistance and representation, interpretation services, special procedures, procedures at first instance, reception of applicants for international protection, detention, procedures at second instance, country of origin information, statelessness in the asylum context, content of protection, return of former applicants, resettlement and humanitarian admission programmes.

Details on each development and further analysis can be consulted in the Asylum Report series.
 

Types of policies and practices reported in the National Asylum Developments Database

The National Asylum Developments Database can be searched by institutional, legislative and policy changes. There are three types of policy developments:

Policies and practices related to the integrity of national asylum systems aim to swiftly identify unfounded asylum applications and ensure that financial, human and administrative resources are not dissipated on such claims. These measures involve efforts to rapidly establish an applicant’s identity, including age, country of origin, travel route and security concerns if any. These facts help to better assess the credibility of the applicant’s statements and determine whether beneficiaries of international protection are still in need of protection. The prevention of unintentional misuse of the asylum procedure and its integrity are also supported by the provision of information to asylum applicants and beneficiaries of international protection on their respective rights and obligations and related procedural arrangements.

Policies and practices that improve the efficiency of national asylum systems include digitalisation and the use of new technologies in the framework of asylum, prioritising or fast-tracking applications, the re-organisation of the procedure itself or implementing changes in the number of staff employed.

Policy and practice aiming to enhance the quality of national asylum systems contribute to increasing fairness, integrity and efficiency. Quality assurance systems, guidance materials and capacity-building measures typically pay off on the initial investment and efforts. The initiatives include staff training, revising existing guidance materials and monitoring the quality of the decisions delivered.

The database presents validated factual information and does not imply any endorsement from the European Commission or EUAA.

Flag Country Year Type of development Ordina in modo discendente Thematic area Development Source
Netherlands Flag Netherlands 2019 Legislative Special procedures to process asylum applications Special procedures to process asylum applications An amendment to the Aliens Decree (Vb) established the possibility to omit the personal interview in subsequent applications. NL LEG 06 2019
Germany Flag Germany 2019 Legislative Return of former applicants Return of former applicants A new category for tolerated stay (Duldung) was created for persons whose removal cannot be carried out due to ambiguities in their identity which they created, for example by not handing over the necessary travel documents or by misleading the authorities concerning their identity and nationality. These persons are subject to the residence obligation (Wohnsitzauflage) and do not have the right to undertake gainful employment. DE LEG 03 2019
Greece Flag Greece 2019 Legislative Processing asylum applications at first instance Processing asylum applications at first instance Decision on the procedure for issuing travel documents to refugee beneficiaries. EL LEG 01 2019
Italy Flag Italy 2019 Legislative Unaccompanied minors and vulnerable groups Unaccompanied minors and vulnerable groups Within the Protection System for Beneficiaries of International Protection and Unaccompanied Foreign Minors (SIPROIMI), the Ministry of the Interior in Italy allocated funds to finance projects, organised by local authorities, related to unaccompanied minors. IT LEG 04 2019
Belgium Flag Belgium 2019 Legislative Content of protection Content of protection A law proposal was put forth to reduce the period of exemption for beneficiaries of international protection from the requirement to have sufficient economic resources from one year to three months. BE LEG 01 2019
Czech Flag Czech Republic 2019 Legislative Special procedures to process asylum applications Special procedures to process asylum applications 12 new countries were added to the national list of safe countries of origin: Algeria, Australia, Canada, Ghana, Georgia (excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia), India, Moldova (excluding Transnistria), Morocco, New Zealand, Senegal, Tunisia and Ukraine (excluding Doneck and Luhansk Districts). CZ LEG 02 2019
France Flag France 2019 Legislative Reception of applicants for international protection Reception of applicants for international protection An order provided specifications for emergency reception centres. FR LEG 10 2019
Belgium Flag Belgium 2021 Legislative Content of protection Content of protection Changes to the integration path entered into force in the Flemish region of Belgium. The new programme includes four components (language learning, economic autonomy, social orientation and a 40-hour tandem programme with a Flemish ‘buddy’) and concludes with an exam. The compulsory programme is subject to a EUR 360 fee. EUAA Asylum Report 2022
Denmark Flag Denmark 2021 Legislative Content of protection Content of protection A special legislative piece provides temporary residence permits to persons who have assisted the Danish authorities and have been evacuated from Afghanistan. EUAA Asylum Report 2022
Greece Flag Greece 2021 Legislative Reception of applicants for international protection Reception of applicants for international protection Law No 4825/2021 amended the provisions related to the Greek health care number (PAAYPA) to clarify some of the administrative issues related to the number’s issuance. EUAA Asylum Report 2022
Lithuania Flag Lithuania 2021 Legislative Reception of applicants for international protection Reception of applicants for international protection Amendments to the Law on the Legal Status of Aliens stipulate that the right to work would be acquired 12 months after the date of registration in the Lithuanian Migration Information System (MIGRIS). EUAA Asylum Report 2022
Norway Flag Norway 2021 Legislative Content of protection Content of protection An amendment to the Norwegian Social Services Act came into force which requires third-country nationals older than 30 years with insufficient Norwegian knowledge to participate in language training as a condition to receive financial support. EUAA Asylum Report 2022
Slovenia Flag Slovenia 2021 Legislative Applicants with special needs Persons with special needs in the asylum procedure Amendments to the International Protection Act (IPA) included that vulnerable persons with special needs related to physical or mental health are prioritised in the border procedure, while they are provided with adequate assistance. EUAA Asylum Report 2022
Austria Flag Austria 2022 Legislative Content of protection Content of protection New rules on orientation courses entered into force, including the extension of the obligatory orientation course from 1 to 3 days and the inclusion of modules on gender equality, antisemitism and the importance of voluntary work. EUAA Asylum Report 2023
Estonia Flag Estonia 2022 Legislative Access to procedure icon Access to procedure Amendments were made to the Act on Granting International Protection to Aliens. In a state of emergency, border guards are allowed to return persons entering in an unauthorised manner without an individual decision. Applications for international protection can be submitted only at designated locations. EUAA Asylum Report 2023
Netherlands Flag Netherlands 2020 Legislative Detention Detention during the asylum procedure The grounds were extended for placing an unaccompanied minor in detention for the purpose of return. EASO Asylum Report 2021
Germany Flag Germany 2022 Legislative Content of protection Content of protection The draft of the Second Law for the Introduction of a Right of Opportunity to Stay proposed to make language and integration courses available for all applicants, regardless of their prospects of staying in the country EUAA Asylum Report 2023
Spain Flag Spain 2020 Legislative Applicants with special needs Persons with special needs in the asylum procedure In 2020, the Secretary of State for Migration introduced changes granting access to work permits for unaccompanied children aged older than 16 years. In addition, the government announced a reform allowing permission to stay based on their integration path rather than on their participation in the labour market. EASO Asylum Report 2021
Iceland Flag Iceland 2022 Legislative Special procedures to assess protection needs Special procedures to assess protection needs Iceland revised its list of safe countries of origin and Ukraine was removed from the list. EUAA Asylum Report 2023
Switzerland Flag Switzerland 2020 Legislative Content of protection Content of protection The possibility to impose a travel ban is planned to be extended to persons with temporary admission. EASO Asylum Report 2021
Lithuania Flag Lithuania 2022 Legislative Applicants with special needs Persons with special needs in the asylum procedure Amendments to the Law on the Legal Status of Foreigners aimed to speed up the appointment of a legal guardian for an unaccompanied minor, due to the influx of unaccompanied minors from Ukraine. EUAA Asylum Report 2023
Italy Flag Italy 2020 Legislative Reception of applicants for international protection Reception of applicants for international protection A decree law aimed to regularise different residence and employment situations, including the irregular employment of applicants in agriculture, husbandry, fishing, personal assistance services and domestic work. EASO Asylum Report 2021
Poland Flag Poland 2022 Legislative Reception of applicants for international protection Reception of applicants for international protection Asylum seekers living outside of reception centres may be granted a financial allowance without prior registration in one of the first reception centres. EUAA Asylum Report 2023
Italy Flag Italy 2020 Legislative Applicants with special needs Persons with special needs in the asylum procedure The Council of Ministers adopted a protocol between the government and regions, the autonomous provinces of Trento and Bolzano and local authorities to harmonise the implementation of a multi-disciplinary age-assessment procedure. EASO Asylum Report 2021
Spain Flag Spain 2022 Legislative Reception of applicants for international protection Reception of applicants for international protection Royal Decree 220/2022 of 29 March 2022 was adopted, approving the regulation governing the reception system. EUAA Asylum Report 2023