- Foreword
- Acknowledgements
- Acronyms and abbreviations
- Introduction
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Section 1. Global developments in the field of asylum in 2021
- 1.1. Overview of trends in displacement and protection responses
- 1.2. Shifting from reactive measures to new sustainable working methods
- 1.3. Scaling up sustainable, long-term protection solutions
- 1.4. Climate-induced displacement
- 1.5. A gender lens on forced displacement
- 1.6. Global developments surrounding statelessness
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Section 2. Major developments in asylum in the European Union in 2021
- 2.1. Reform of the Common European Asylum System: An ongoing process
- 2.2. Key developments in policies and practices at the EU level
- 2.3. External dimension of the EU’s asylum policy
- Temporary protection for displaced persons from Ukraine
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2.4. Jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the EU
- 2.4.1. Effective access to the asylum procedure
- 2.4.2. Dublin procedure
- 2.4.3. Subsequent applications
- 2.4.4. Interpretation of the concept of state protection
- 2.4.5. Determining protection provided by the UNRWA
- 2.4.6. Interpretation of indiscriminate violence for the purposes of granting subsidiary protection
- 2.4.7. Use of detention
- 2.4.8. Extension of protection status as a derived right
- 2.4.9. Equal treatment
- 2.4.10. Return of rejected applicants for international protection
- Section 3. EASO transition to the EUAA
- Section 4. Functioning of the Common European Asylum System
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Section 4.1. Access to procedure
- 4.1.1. Situation on the eastern borders
- 4.1.2. Situation along the Balkan routes
- 4.1.3. Situation in Northern and Western Europe
- 4.1.4. Situation at the Eastern Mediterranean route
- 4.1.5. Situation at the Central Mediterranean route
- 4.1.6. Situation at the Western Mediterranean and Western African route
- 4.1.7. Statistics on applications for international protection
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Section 4.2. The Dublin procedure
- 4.2.1. Institutional and staff changes to manage the Dublin procedure
- 4.2.2. Factors impacting the Dublin system
- 4.2.3. Information provision in the context of the Dublin procedure
- 4.2.4. Decisions on outgoing Dublin requests
- 4.2.5. Use of the discretionary clause
- 4.2.6. Assessing transfers to specific countries
- 4.2.7. Deliberations on remedies under the Dublin III Regulation
- 4.2.8. Clarifications on time limits to implement a transfer
- 4.2.9. Implementing Dublin transfers
- 4.2.10. Reception of applicants in the Dublin procedure
- Section 4.3. Special procedures to assess protection needs
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Section 4.4. Processing asylum applications at first instance
- 4.4.1. Reorganisation of first instance asylum authorities
- 4.4.2. Legislative and policy developments
- 4.4.3. Decisions issued on first instance asylum applications
- 4.4.4. Withdrawn applications
- Profile of asylum applicants arriving in EU+ countries
- 4.4.5. Analyses and measures to improve the quality of first instance decisions
- 4.4.6. Right to be heard and the personal interview
- 4.4.7. Efforts to further digitalise the asylum procedure
- 4.4.8. Privacy and data protection in first instance asylum procedures
- 4.4.9. Prioritisation policies
- 4.4.10. Guidelines for assessing applications
- 4.4.11. The length of asylum processes
- 4.4.12. Processing of applications lodged by specific nationalities
- Section 4.5. Processing asylum applications at second or higher instance
- Section 4.6. Pending cases
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Section 4.7. Reception of applicants for international protection
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4.7.1. Organisation and functioning of reception systems
- 4.7.1.1. Changing institutional environments and training staff
- 4.7.1.2. Adjusting reception capacity
- 4.7.1.3. Reorganising and adapting reception systems
- 4.7.1.4. Entitlement to material reception conditions
- 4.7.1.5. Monitoring the quality of material reception conditions
- 4.7.1.6. Working together with local authorities
- 4.7.2. Applicants’ daily life
- Reception capacity to accommodate applicants for international protection
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4.7.1. Organisation and functioning of reception systems
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Section 4.8. Aspects of detention involving asylum applicants and former applicants
- 4.8.1. Institutional changes and legislative reforms
- 4.8.2. Recourse to detention
- 4.8.3. Alternatives to detaining applicants
- 4.8.4. Conditions in detention facilities
- 4.8.5. The interplay between the use of detention and the steps of the asylum procedure
- 4.8.6 Detention of children and applicants with special reception needs
- Section 4.9. Access to information
- Section 4.10. Legal assistance and representation
- Section 4.11. Interpretation services
- Section 4.12. Country of origin information
- Section 4.13. Statelessness in the context of asylum
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Section 4.14. Content of protection
- 4.14.1. Granting international protection: Recognition rates
- 4.14.2. Building perspectives: Legal status and family reunification
- Ensuring family unity in asylum
- 4.14.3. Developing policies: Integration plans and their evaluations
- 4.14.4. Support for integration: Orientation, education, employment, health and welfare
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Section 4.15. Return of former applicants
- 4.15.1. Gradually resuming return procedures
- 4.15.2. Reorganising return procedures to reinforce interconnections with asylum
- 4.15.3. Digitalising return procedures
- 4.15.4. Strengthening the voluntary returns and reintegration framework
- 4.15.5. Enhancing the forced return framework
- 4.15.6. Implementing readmission agreements in the national framework
- 4.15.7. The EU-Turkey Statement
- 4.15.8. Judicial review of procedural guarantees and human rights standards
- Section 4.16. Resettlement and humanitarian admissions
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Section 5. Children and people with special needs in the asylum procedure
- 5.1. Comprehensive approaches to identify and support children and applicants with special needs
- Unaccompanied minors seeking protection
- 5.2. Protecting women and girls
- 5.3. Applicants with disabilities and special health needs
- 5.4. Seeking protection and receiving support in reception based on sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics
- 5.5. Identifying and supporting survivors of human trafficking
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5.6. Children going through the asylum procedure
- 5.6.1 Data on unaccompanied minors
- 5.6.2. Legal representation of asylum-seeking children
- 5.6.3. Assessing the age of a child applicant
- 5.6.4. Applicant children’s right to be heard
- 5.6.5. Children in the reception system
- 5.6.6. Future perspectives for applicant children: Transitioning into adulthood and issues with residence permits
- Concluding remarks
- Reader’s guide
- Infographics
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Statistical tables
- Table 1: Asylum applicants in EU+ countries by reporting country and main citizenship, 2016‐2021
- Table 2: First‐time asylum applicants in EU+ countries by reporting country and main citizenship, 2016‐2021
- Table 3: Pending cases at the end of the year in EU+ countries by reporting country and main citizenship, 2016‐2021
- Table 4: Withdrawn applications in EU+ countries by reporting country and main citizenship, 2016‐2021
- Table 5: Unaccompanied minors in EU+ countries by reporting country and main citizenship, 2016‐2021
- Table 6: Refugee status at first instance in EU+ countries by reporting country and main citizenship, 2016‐2021
- Table 7: Subisidiary protection status at first instance in EU+ countries by reporting country and main citizenship, 2016‐2021
- Table 8: Humanitarian protection at first instance in EU+ countries by reporting country and main citizenship, 2016‐2021
- Table 9: Rejections at first instance in EU+ countries by reporting country and main citizenship, 2016‐2021
- Table 10: Decisions at first instance in EU+ countries by reporting country and main citizenship, 2016‐2021
- Table 11: Refugee status at second or higher instances in EU+ countries by reporting country and main citizenship, 2016‐2021
- Table 12: Subsidiary protection at second or higher instances in EU+ countries by reporting country and main citizenship, 2016‐2021
- Table 13: Humanitarian protection at second or higher instances in EU+ countries by reporting country and main citizenship, 2016‐2021
- Table 14: Rejections at second or higher instances in EU+ countries by reporting country and main citizenship, 2016‐2021
- Table 15: Decisions at second or higher instances in EU+ countries by reporting country and main citizenship, 2016‐2021
- Sources on Asylum 2022
Asylum Report 2022
Related resources
- Asylum Report 2022: Executive Summary
- National Asylum Developments Database
- National Asylum Developments 2022
- Sources on Asylum 2022
- Press Release
Fact Sheets
- Recognition rates: Granting international protection in EU+ countries
- Assessing the age of asylum applicants and providing guardianship
- Reception conditions for children seeking international protection
- Afghan nationals seeking international protection in the EU+
- Protecting women and girls in the asylum procedure
Asylum Report 2022: Executive Summary
Translations
EU languages: BG, CZ, DA, DE, EL, ES, ET, FI, FR, GA, HR, HU, IT, LT, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SI, SV
Non-EU languages: AR, MK, RU, SQ, SR, TR, UK
(The following translations have not been verified: DA, ET, GA, RU, UK)
Main sections of the Asylum Report 2022
© European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA), 2022
Neither the European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA) nor any person acting on behalf of the EUAA is responsible for the use that might be made of the information contained within this publication.
Cover photo: iStock/Kostas7
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ISBN 978-92-9487-439-9
doi: 10.2847/265367
BZ-AB-22-001-EN-Q
ISSN 2314-9701
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EUAA copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders.
Citation
Citation: European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA) (2022). Asylum Report 2022: Annual Report on the Situation of Asylum in the European Union. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.