In Secretary of State for the Home Department [UK] v OA (C-255/19), the CJEU interpreted the Qualification Directive, Article 11(1e) together with Article 7(2) on the possibility of protection in the country of origin. In determining the effectiveness of state protection, the CJEU held that aspects such as social and financial support provided by private actors (e.g. family members or a clan) falls short of what is required to be taken into consideration for the cessation of refugee status or for granting it.