- Introduction
- Guidance note
- Common analysis
- 1. Actors of persecution or serious harm
-
2. Refugee status
- Preliminary remarks
-
Analysis of particular profiles
- 2.1. Members of the security forces and pro-government militias
- 2.2. Government officials, including judges, prosecutors and judicial staff; and those perceived as supporting the government
- 2.3. Individuals working for foreign military troops or perceived as supporting them
- 2.4. Religious leaders
- 2.5. Members of insurgent groups and civilians perceived as supporting them
- 2.6. Persons fearing forced recruitment by armed groups
- 2.7. Educational personnel
- 2.8. Humanitarian workers and healthcare professionals
- 2.9. Journalists, media workers and human rights defenders
- 2.10. Children
- 2.11. Women
- 2.12. Individuals perceived to have transgressed moral codes
- 2.13. Individuals perceived as ‘Westernised’
- 2.14. LGBTIQ persons
- 2.15. Persons living with disabilities and persons with severe medical issues
- 2.16. Individuals considered to have committed blasphemy and/or apostasy
- 2.17. Ethnic and religious minorities
- 2.18. Individuals involved in blood feuds and land disputes
- 2.19. Individuals accused of ordinary crimes
- 2.20. Individuals who were born in Iran or Pakistan and/or who lived there for a long period of time
-
3. Subsidiary protection
- 3.1. Article 15(a) QD
- 3.2. Article 15(b) QD
-
3.3. Article 15(c) QD
- 3.3.1. Preliminary remarks
- 3.3.2. Armed conflict (international or internal)
- 3.3.3. Qualification of a person as a ‘civilian’
- 3.3.4. Indiscriminate violence
- 3.3.5. Serious and individual threat
- 3.3.6. Qualification of the harm as ‘threat to (a civilian’s) life or person
- 3.3.7. Nexus/’by reason of’
- 4. Actors of protection
- 5. Internal protection alternative
- 6. Exclusion
- Abbreviations and glossary
- Country of origin information references
- Relevant case law
⚠ |
|
Please note that this country guidance document has been replaced by a more recent one. The latest versions of country guidance documents are available at https://easo.europa.eu/country-guidance. |
IPA should only be examined after it has been established that the applicant has a well-founded fear of persecution or faces a real risk of serious harm and that the authorities or other relevant actors of protection are unable or unwilling to protect him or her in the home area. In such cases, if IPA applies, it can be determined that the applicant is not in need of international protection.
The required elements in order to apply Article 8 QD are:
In relation to these elements, when assessing the applicability of IPA, the case officer should consider the general situation in the respective part of Afghanistan, as well as the individual circumstances of the applicant. The burden of proof lies with the determining authority, while the applicant remains under an obligation to cooperate. The applicant is also entitled to submit elements to indicate that IPA should not be applied to him or her.
![]() |
In this chapter, you will find further guidance on the elements: |
|