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Please note that this country guidance document has been replaced by a more recent one. The latest versions of country guidance documents are available at https://easo.europa.eu/country-guidance. |
Case law referenced in the common analysis includes:
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Actors of persecution or serious harm
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December 2014, Grand Chamber (M’Bodj)
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Reasons for persecution - religion
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■ CJEU, Bundesrepublik Deutschland v Y and Z, joined cases C-71/11 and C-99/11, Judgment of 5 September 2012, Grand Chamber
(Y and Z)
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Reasons for persecution - membership of a particular social group
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■ CJEU, Minister voor Immigratie en Asiel v X and Y and Z v Minister voor Immigratie en Asiel, joined cases C-199/12 to C-201/12 Judgment of 7 November 2013
(X, Y and Z)
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Article 15(b) QD |
■ CJEU, M’Bodj
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Indiscriminate violence in relation to armed conflict (Article 15(c) QD) |
■ CJEU, Aboubacar Diakité v. Commissaire général aux réfugiés et aux apatrides, C-285/12, Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 30 January 2014 (Diakité)
■ CJEU, Elgafaji v. Staatssecretaris van Justitie, C-465/07,Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 17 February 2009 (Elgafaji)
■ ECtHR, Sufi and Elmi v. United Kingdom, Applications nos.8319/07 and 11449/07, Judgment of 28 June 2011
(Sufi and Elmi)
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Internal protection alternative |
■ CJEU, X, Y and Z
■ CJEU, Y and Z
■ CJEU, Abdulla and Others v Bundesrepublik Deutschland, joined Cases C-175/08, C-176/08, C-178/08 and C-179/08, Judgment of 2 March 2010
(Abdulla)
(A.A.M v Sweden)
(Salah Sheekh)
■ Sufi and Elmi
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Exclusion |
■ CJEU, Shajin Ahmed v Bevándorlási és Menekültügyi Hivatal, C-369/17, judgment of 13 September 2018
(Ahmed)
(Lounani)
■ CJEU, Bundesrepublik Deutschland v B and D, joined Cases C-57/09 and C-101/09, judgment of 9 November 2010
(B and D)
(Katanga)
■ ICTY (Appeals Chamber), Prosecutor v Kunarac et al., IT-96-23 and IT-96-23/1-A, Judgment of 12 June 2002
■ ICTY, Prosecutor v. Dusko Tadic aka "Dule" (Opinion and Judgment), IT-94-1-T, Judgment of 7 May 1997
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For additional information on relevant case law see:
EASO Practical Guides:
Available at: https://www.easo.europa.eu/practical-tools
■ EASO Practical Guide: Qualification for international protection
■ EASO Practical Guide: Exclusion
Judicial analyses:
Available at: https://www.easo.europa.eu/courts-and-tribunals
■ Judicial Analysis ‘Qualification for International Protection (Directive 2011/95/EU)
■ Judicial Analysis ‘Article 15(c) Qualification Directive (2011/95/EU)
■ Judicial Analysis ‘Exclusion: Articles 12 and 17 Qualification Directive (2011/95/EU)