A • B • C • D • E • F • G • H • I • J • K • L • M • N • O • P • Q • R • S • T • U • V • W • X • Y • Z
A
AQ-I: Al-Qaeda in Iraq
Asayish: Intelligence services of the KRG
C
CAT: Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
CJEU: Court of Justice of the European Union
COI: Country of origin information
E
EASO: European Asylum Support Office
ECHR: Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention on Human Rights), as amended by Protocols Nos. 11 and 14, 4 November 1950
ECtHR: European Court of Human Rights
EU: European Union
F
fasliya: A traditional practice, whereby family members, including women and children, are traded to settle tribal disputes
FGM/C: female genital mutilation/cutting
I
ID: Identification documentation
IDP(s): Internally displaced person(s)
IED: Improvised explosive device
IILHR: Institute for International Law and Human Rights
INSO: International NGO Safety Organisation
IOM: International Organisation for Migration
IPA: Internal Protection Alternative
ISF: Iraqi Security Forces
ISIL: The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), the Islamic State, or Daesh
ISIS: The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria; see also ISIL
J
jizya: a tax to be paid by Abrahamic non-Muslims, such as Christians and Jews. Imposed by ISIL in areas it controlled
K
KDP: Kurdistan Democratic Party
KRG: Kurdistan Regional Government
KRI: Kurdistan Region of Iraq – refers to Dahuk, Erbil, Sulaymaniyah governorates
L
LGBTIQ: LGBTIQ people are people:
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who are attracted to others of their own gender (lesbian, gay) or any gender (bisexual);
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whose gender identity and/or expression does not correspond to the sex they were assigned at birth (trans, non-binary);
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who are born with sex characteristics that do not fit the typical definition of male or female (intersex); and
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whose identity does not fit into a binary classification of sexuality and/or gender (queer).
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M
mukhtar: local community leader
N
NGO: Non-Governmental Organisation
P
PDS: Public Distribution System
Peshmerga: Military forces of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
PJAK: Kurdistan Free Life Party (Partiya Jiyana Azad a Kurdistanê)
PKK: Kurdistan Worker’s Party
PMF: Popular Mobilisation Forces
PMU: Popular Mobilisation Units, also called Popular Mobilisation Forces, or al-Hashd al Shaabi
PUK: Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
Q
QD (Qualification Directive): Directive 2011/95/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on standards for the qualification of third-country nationals or stateless persons as beneficiaries of international protection, for a uniform status for refugees or for persons eligible for subsidiary protection, and for the content of the protection granted
S
Sharia: the religious law of Islam, Islamic canonical law
T
Takfiri or Takfir: an Arabic word meaning ‘unbeliever’;
Extremist Islamist ideology employed by ISIL to declare individuals as apostates or impure, used against those who do not pledge allegiance
TM: Tribal Mobilisation (militias)
U
UN: United Nations
UNAMI: United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq
UNHCR: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNICEF: United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
UNOCHA: United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
UNRWA: The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East
urf: tribal customary law; also known as aadat or al-qada al-asha’iri
US: United States of America
USDOS: United States Department of State
V
VBIED: Vehicle-borne improvised explosive device