- Introduction
- Guidance note
- Common analysis
- General remarks
- 1. Actors of persecution or serious harm
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2. Refugee status
- Preliminary remarks
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Analysis of particular profiles
- 2.1. Persons perceived to be associated with ISIL
- 2.2. Sunni Arabs
- 2.3. Political opposition activists and protesters
- 2.4. Journalists, media workers and human rights activists
- 2.5. Deserters from armed forces
- 2.6. Individuals approached for recruitment by armed groups
- 2.7. Former Baath party members
- 2.8. Members of the Iraqi Security Forces (ISF), Popular Mobilisation Units (PMU), Peshmerga and local police
- 2.9. Individuals perceived to oppose ISIL
- 2.10. (Perceived) collaborators of Western armed forces, organisations, or companies
- 2.11. Humanitarian workers
- 2.12. LGBTIQ persons
- 2.13. Individuals perceived to transgress moral codes
- 2.14. Individuals considered to have committed blasphemy and/or apostasy
- 2.15. Religious and ethnic minorities, and stateless persons
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2.16. Women
- 2.16.1. Violence against women and girls: overview
- 2.16.2. Forced and child marriage
- 2.16.3. Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C)
- 2.16.4. Women working in the public sphere
- 2.16.5. Women perceived to have transgressed moral codes
- 2.16.6. Women perceived to be associated with ISIL
- 2.16.7. Single women and female heads of households
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2.17. Children
- 2.17.1. Violence against children: overview
- 2.17.2. Child marriage
- 2.17.3. FGM/C
- 2.17.4. Child labour and child trafficking
- 2.17.5. Child recruitment
- 2.17.6. Education of children and girls in particular
- 2.17.7. Children born under ISIL who lack civil documentation
- 2.17.8. Children without a care-taker
- 2.18. Persons living with disabilities and persons with severe medical issues
- 2.19. Persons involved in and affected by blood feuds in the context of tribal conflict
- 2.20. Individuals accused of ordinary crimes
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3. Subsidiary protection
- 3.1. Article 15(a) QD
- 3.2. Article 15(b) QD
- 3.3. Article 15(c) QD
- 4. Actors of protection
- 5. Internal protection alternative
- 6. Exclusion
- Abbreviations and glossary
- Country of origin information references
- Relevant case law
COMMON ANALYSIS
Last updated: January 2021
The general conclusions on the reasonableness of IPA for particular profiles of applicants are based on an assessment of the general situation in the three cities, and the individual circumstances of such applicants, as outlined in the sections above.
Taking into account the ethno-religious background of the applicant, it could be substantiated that IPA in the cities of Baghdad, Basrah, Erbil would be reasonable for single able-bodied men and married couples without children, who have identification documents and have no additional vulnerabilities, including when they do not have a support network. In the case of families with children, internal protection alternative may be reasonable, including without a support network, where the best interests of the child have been duly assessed.
Although the situation related to settling in the three cities entails certain hardships, it can still be concluded that such applicants would be able to ensure their basic subsistence, housing, shelter and hygiene, and access to basic healthcare.
In order to ensure their basic needs, other profiles of applicants would in general need a support network in the area of potential IPA. However, additional individual circumstances may be relevant to take into account when assessing the reasonableness of IPA.
It should be highlighted that these conclusions are without prejudice to the criteria of safety, travel and admittance and that the individual circumstances in the case at hand should be fully examined.