Home Country Guidance Iraq 2021 3. Subsidiary protection 3.3. Article 15(c) QD c. Indiscriminate violence Assessment by governorate E-M New version of this publication is available Table of Contents Introduction Guidance note Actors of persecution and serious harm Refugee status Guidance on particular profiles with regard to qualification for refugee status Subsidiary protection Article 15(a) QD Article 15(b) QD Article 15(c) QD Actors of protection Internal protection alternative Part of the country Safety Travel and admittance Reasonableness to settle Exclusion a. Crime against peace, war crime or crime against humanity b. Serious (non-political) crime c. Acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN d. Danger to the community or the security of the Member State Common analysis General remarks 1. Actors of persecution or serious harm Preliminary remarks Overview: areas of control/activity 1.1. The Iraqi State 1.2. Popular Mobilisation Units and Tribal Mobilisation Militias 1.3. Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) authorities 1.4. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) 1.5. Tribes 1.6. Other non-State actors 2. Refugee status Preliminary remarks Analysis of particular profiles 2.1. Persons perceived to be associated with ISIL 2.2. Sunni Arabs 2.3. Political opposition activists and protesters 2.4. Journalists, media workers and human rights activists 2.5. Deserters from armed forces 2.6. Individuals approached for recruitment by armed groups 2.7. Former Baath party members 2.8. Members of the Iraqi Security Forces (ISF), Popular Mobilisation Units (PMU), Peshmerga and local police 2.9. Individuals perceived to oppose ISIL 2.10. (Perceived) collaborators of Western armed forces, organisations, or companies 2.11. Humanitarian workers 2.12. LGBTIQ persons 2.13. Individuals perceived to transgress moral codes 2.14. Individuals considered to have committed blasphemy and/or apostasy 2.15. Religious and ethnic minorities, and stateless persons 2.15.1. Turkmen 2.15.2. Yazidi 2.15.3. Christians 2.15.4. Shabak 2.15.5. Kaka'i 2.15.6. Sabean-Mandaeans 2.15.7. Baha'i 2.15.8. Bidoon 2.15.9. Fayli Kurds 2.15.10. Palestinian 2.16. Women 2.16.1. Violence against women and girls: overview 2.16.2. Forced and child marriage 2.16.3. Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) 2.16.4. Women working in the public sphere 2.16.5. Women perceived to have transgressed moral codes 2.16.6. Women perceived to be associated with ISIL 2.16.7. Single women and female heads of households 2.17. Children 2.17.1. Violence against children: overview 2.17.2. Child marriage 2.17.3. FGM/C 2.17.4. Child labour and child trafficking 2.17.5. Child recruitment 2.17.6. Education of children and girls in particular 2.17.7. Children born under ISIL who lack civil documentation 2.17.8. Children without a care-taker 2.18. Persons living with disabilities and persons with severe medical issues 2.19. Persons involved in and affected by blood feuds in the context of tribal conflict 2.20. Individuals accused of ordinary crimes 3. Subsidiary protection 3.1. Article 15(a) QD 3.2. Article 15(b) QD 3.3. Article 15(c) QD Preliminary remarks a. Armed conflict (international or internal) b. Qualification of a person as a ‘civilian’ c. Indiscriminate violence Indicators of indiscriminate violence Indiscriminate violence in Iraq Assessment by governorate A-D Anbar Babil/Babylon Baghdad Basrah Dahuk/Dohuk Dhi Qar/Thi-Qar Diyala E-M Erbil Kerbala Kirkuk (Tameem) Missan Muthanna N-W Najaf Ninewa Qadissiya Salah al-Din Sulaymaniyah incl. Halabja Wassit d. Serious and individual threat e. Qualification of the harm as ‘threat to (a civilian’s) life or person f. Nexus/’by reason of’ 4. Actors of protection The State The Iraqi State Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) Parties or organisations 5. Internal protection alternative Preliminary remarks Part of the country Safety Travel and admittance Reasonableness to settle General situation Individual circumstances Conclusions on reasonableness 6. Exclusion Preliminary remarks Exclusion grounds a. Crime against peace, war crime, or crime against humanity b. Serious (non-political) crime c. Acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN d. Danger to the community or the security of the Member State Relevant circumstances Crimes committed in the context of the conflict with ISIL (2014–ongoing) Crimes committed after the fall of the regime of Saddam Hussein (2003–ongoing) Crimes committed during the regime of Saddam Hussein Criminal activity and other types of violence Guidance with regard to Iraq Article 12(2)(a) QD and Article 17(1)(a) QD Article 12(2)(b) QD and Article 17(1)(b) QD Article 12(2)(c) QD and Article 17(1)(c) QD Abbreviations and glossary Country of origin information references Relevant case law Share Print Read the analysis and conclusions regarding the provinces of: Erbil Kerbala Kirkuk (Tameem) Missan Muthanna Book traversal links for E-M Previous Parent Next
