This part of the country guidance includes the common analysis. The contents of this part include:

• 1. Introduction to the situation in Syria
• 2. The implications of leaving Syria

• 3. Actors of persecution or serious harm
  • 3.1. Map: areas of control and influence
  • 3.2. The Government of Syria and associated armed groups
  • 3.3. Syrian Democratic Forces and Asayish
  • 3.4. Anti-government armed groups
  • 3.5. Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)
  • 3.6. Other non-State actors

• 4. Refugee status
  • General remarks
  • 4.1. Persons perceived to be opposing the government
    • 4.1.1. Political dissent and opposition in Syria
    • 4.1.2. Members of anti-government armed groups
    • 4.1.3. Political activists, opposition party members and protesters
    • 4.1.4. Civilians originating from areas associated with opposition to the government
  • 4.2. Persons who evaded or deserted military service
    • 4.2.1. Military service: overview
    • 4.2.2. Draft evaders
    • 4.2.3. Military deserters and defectors
  • 4.3. Persons with perceived links to ISIL
  • 4.4. Members of and persons perceived to be collaborating with the SDF and YPG
  • 4.5. Persons perceived to be opposing the SDF/YPG
  • 4.6. Persons fearing forced or child recruitment by Kurdish forces
  • 4.7. Persons associated with the Government of Syria
    • 4.7.1. Government of Syria officials, members of the SAA and pro-government armed groups
    • 4.7.2. Civilians perceived to be supporting the government
  • 4.8. Journalists, other media professionals and human rights activists
  • 4.9. Doctors, other medical personnel and civil defence volunteers
  • 4.10. Ethno-religious groups
    • 4.10.1. Sunni Arabs
    • 4.10.2. Kurds
    • 4.10.3. Druze
    • 4.10.4. Alawites
    • 4.10.5. Christians
    • 4.10.6. Yazidis
    • 4.10.7. Palestinians
  • 4.11. Women and girls
    • 4.11.1. The situation of women in the Syrian society
    • 4.11.2. Violence against women and girls: overview
    • 4.11.3. Forced and child marriage
    • 4.11.4. Women perceived to have violated family honour
    • 4.11.5. Single women and female-headed households
  • 4.12. Children
    • 4.12.1. Violence against children: overview
    • 4.12.2. Child recruitment
    • 4.12.3. Child labour
    • 4.12.4. Child marriage
    • 4.12.5. Access to education
    • 4.12.6. Lack of documentation
  • 4.13. LGBTIQ persons

• 5. Subsidiary protection
  • 5.1. Article 15(a) QD: death penalty or execution
  • 5.2. Article 15(b) QD: torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
    • 5.2.1. Healthcare and socio-economic conditions
    • 5.2.2. Arbitrary arrests, illegal detention and prison conditions
    • 5.2.3. Criminal violence
  • 5.3. Article 15(c) QD: indiscriminate violence in situations of armed conflict
    • 5.3.1. Preliminary remarks
    • 5.3.2. Armed conflict (international or internal)
    • 5.3.3. Qualification of a person as a ‘civilian’
    • 5.3.4. Indiscriminate violence
    • 5.3.5. Serious and individual threat
    • 5.3.6. Qualification of the harm as ‘threat to (a civilian’s) life or person
    • 5.3.7. Nexus/’by reason of’

• 6. Actors of protection
  • 6.1. The State
  • 6.2. Parties or organisations

• 7. Internal protection alternative
  • Preliminary remarks
  • 7.1. Part of the country
  • 7.2. Safety
  • 7.3. Travel and admittance
  • 7.4. Reasonableness to settle
    • 7.4.1. General situation
    • 7.4.2. Individual circumstances
    • 7.4.3. Conclusions on reasonableness

• 8. Exclusion
  • 8.1. Relevant circumstances
    • 8.1.1. The Syrian intervention in the Lebanese civil war and presence in Lebanon (1976 – 2005)
    • 8.1.2. The Muslim Brotherhood Uprising in Syria (1979-1982)
    • 8.1.3. Current conflicts (2011 – ongoing)
    • 8.1.4. Criminal activity
  • 8.2. Guidance with regard to Syria
    • 8.2.1. Article 12(2)(a) and Article 17(1)(a) QD
    • 8.2.2. Article 12(2)(b) and Article 17(1)(b) QD
    • 8.2.3. Article 12(2)(c) and Article 17(1)(c) QD