This chapter looks into the topic of ‘actors of persecution or serious harm’. It focuses on the main actors in Afghanistan, their areas of presence and control, the violations they have reportedly committed, and, where applicable, their structure and organisation.

 
The contents of this chapter include:
 

• Preliminary remarks
• 1.1. Taliban
• 1.2. Former State actors and resistance to the Taliban
• 1.3. Haqqani network
• 1.4. Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP)
• 1.5. Al Qaeda
• 1.6. Foreign terrorist groups and fighters
• 1.7. Other non-State actors