Serious and individual threat to a civilian’s life or person by reason of indiscriminate violence in situations of international or internal armed conflict

The elements which need to be established in order to apply Article 15(c) QD include:

It should, furthermore, be noted that the application of Article 15(c) QD is significantly dependant on the general situation in the country of origin. Therefore, assessing objective and up-to-date country-of-origin information is a crucial element in this regard.