- Introduction
- Guidance note
- Common analysis
- General remarks, including the implications of leaving Syria
- 1. Actors of persecution or serious harm
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2. Refugee status
- Preliminary remarks
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Analysis of particular profiles
- 2.1. Persons perceived to be opposing the government
- 2.2. Persons who evaded or deserted military service
- 2.3. Persons with perceived links to ISIL
- 2.4. Members of and persons perceived to be collaborating with the SDF and YPG
- 2.5. Persons perceived to be opposing the SDF/YPG
- 2.6. Persons fearing forced or child recruitment by Kurdish forces
- 2.7. Persons associated with the Government of Syria
- 2.8. Journalists, other media professionals and citizen journalists
- 2.9. Human rights activists
- 2.10. Doctors, other medical personnel and civil defence volunteers
- 2.11. Ethno-religious groups
- 2.12. Women
- 2.13. Children
- 2.14. LGBTI persons
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3. Subsidiary protection
- 3.1. Article 15(a) QD
- 3.2. Article 15(b) QD
- 3.3. Article 15(c) QD
- 4. Actors of protection
- 5. Internal protection alternative
- 6. Exclusion
- Abbreviations and glossary
- COI references
- Relevant case law
[Security 2020, Annex II]
In June 1976, Syria intervened in the Lebanese civil war sending a force of 25 000 soldiers to Lebanon to prevent the defeat of its Maronite Christian allies. It maintained military presence in Lebanon for the next three decades and exerted significant influence on Lebanese politics. During its presence in Lebanon, Syria maintained up to 30 000 soldiers in the country. It had clashes with Israeli forces and various Lebanese factions. Syria lost thousands of soldiers. During Syria’s military presence in Lebanon, excludable crimes such as forced disappearances and torture were carried out against Lebanese nationals, Palestinian refugees, and others by the Syrian military and intelligence branches. In 2005, following the assassination of the Lebanese premier Rafiq al-Hariri, who was a critic of the Syrian presence in Lebanon, Syrian forces withdrew from Lebanon under international pressure.