COMMON ANALYSIS
Last update: November 2024
The analysis below is based on the following EUAA COI reports: Country Focus 2024, 1.2.1, 1.3, 1.4.1, 1.5; Security 2024, 1.4. Country Guidance should not be referred to as source of COI.
Other than the armed forces mentioned above, the PKK as well as foreign armed forces have engaged in conflicts in Iraq with impact on civilians. See 4.3. Article 15(c) QD/QR: indiscriminate violence in situations of armed conflict.
A range of armed actors are also involved in criminality in Iraq and the actor may not always be identifiable. Often, criminality may involve militias or criminal gangs.
Other non-armed actors of persecution or serious harm may include family members (e.g. in the case of honour-based violence (see 3.11.2. Women and girls perceived to have violated family honour), diverse SOGIESC persons (see 3.7. Persons with diverse SOGIESC), FGM (see 3.11.4. Female genital mutilation/cutting), domestic violence (see 3.11.1. Violence against women and girls: overview).
For further information on human rights violations committed by different state and non-state actors and their relevance as potential exclusion grounds, see 7. Exclusion.
See other topics concerning actors of persecution or serious harm: