A • B • C • D • E • F • G • H • I • J • K • L • M • N • O • P • Q • R • S • T • U • V • W • X • Y • Z
A
AQ-I |
Al-Qaeda in Iraq |
Asayish |
Intelligence services of the KRG |
C
CAT |
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment |
CEAS |
Common European Asylum System |
CJEU |
Court of Justice of the European Union |
COI |
Country of origin information |
E
EASO |
European Asylum Support Office |
EUAA |
European Union Agency for Asylum |
ECHR |
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention on Human Rights), as amended by Protocols Nos. 11 and 14, 4 November 1950 |
ECtHR |
European Court of Human Rights |
EU |
European Union |
F
fasliya |
A traditional practice, whereby family members, including women and children, are traded to settle tribal disputes |
FGM/C |
female genital mutilation/cutting |
I
ID |
identification documentation |
IDP(s) |
Internally displaced person(s) |
IED |
improvised explosive device |
IILHR |
Institute for International Law and Human Rights |
INSO |
International NGO Safety Organisation |
IOM |
International Organization for Migration |
IPA |
internal protection alternative |
ISF | Iraqi Security Forces |
ISIL | The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), the Islamic State, or Daesh |
ISIS | The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria; see also ISIL. |
J
jizya |
A tax to be paid by Abrahamic non-Muslims, such as Christians and Jews. Imposed by ISIL in areas it controlled. |
K
KDP |
Kurdistan Democratic Party |
KRG |
Kurdistan Regional Government |
KRI |
Kurdistan Region of Iraq – refers to Dohuk, Erbil, Sulaymaniyah governorates |
L
LGBTIQ persons
|
Persons:
|
M
mukhtar |
Local community leader |
N
NGO |
Non-Governmental Organisation |
P
Peshmerga |
Military forces of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq |
PKK |
Kurdistan Worker’s Party |
PMF |
Popular Mobilisation Forces |
PMU |
Popular Mobilisation Units, also called Popular Mobilisation Forces, or al-Hashd al Shaabi |
PUK |
Patriotic Union of Kurdistan |
Q
QD (Qualification Directive) |
Directive 2011/95/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on standards for the qualification of third-country nationals or stateless persons as beneficiaries of international protection, for a uniform status for refugees or for persons eligible for subsidiary protection, and for the content of the protection granted |
S
Sharia |
The religious law of Islam, Islamic canonical law |
SGBV |
Sexual and Gender Based Violence |
T
Takfiri or Takfir |
An Arabic word meaning ‘unbeliever’; Extremist Islamist ideology employed by ISIL to declare individuals as apostates or impure, used against those who do not pledge allegiance. |
TM |
Tribal Mobilisation (militias) |
U
UN |
United Nations |
UNAMI |
United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq |
UNHCR |
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |
UNICEF |
United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund |
UNOCHA |
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs |
UNRWA |
The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East |
urf |
Tribal customary law; also known as aadat or al-qada al-asha’iri |
US |
United States of America |
USDOS |
United States Department of State |
V
VBIED |
Vehicle-borne improvised explosive device |