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Abbreviations and glossary


A • B • C • E • F • G • I • J • K • L • M • N • P • Q • R • S • T • U • V • Y •


A


AQ-I

Al-Qaeda in Iraq

Asayish

Intelligence services of the KRG

 

C

CAT

Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

CEAS

Common European Asylum System

CJEU

Court of Justice of the European Union

COI

Country of origin information

 

E

EASO

European Asylum Support Office

EUAA

European Union Agency for Asylum

ECHR

Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention on Human Rights), as amended by Protocols Nos. 11 and 14, 4 November 1950

ECtHR

European Court of Human Rights

EU

European Union

 

F

fasliya

A traditional practice, whereby family members, including women and children, are traded to settle tribal disputes

FGM/C

female genital mutilation/cutting

 

I

ID

identification documentation

IDP(s)

Internally displaced person(s)

IED

improvised explosive device

IILHR

Institute for International Law and Human Rights

INSO

International NGO Safety Organisation

IOM

International Organization for Migration

IPA

internal protection alternative

ISF Iraqi Security Forces
ISIL The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), the Islamic State, or Daesh
ISIS The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria; see also ISIL.

 

J

jizya

A tax to be paid by Abrahamic non-Muslims, such as Christians and Jews. Imposed by ISIL in areas it controlled.

 

K

KDP

Kurdistan Democratic Party

KRG

Kurdistan Regional Government

KRI

Kurdistan Region of Iraq – refers to Dohuk, Erbil, Sulaymaniyah governorates

 

L

LGBTIQ persons

 

 

 

Persons:

  • who are attracted to others of their own gender (lesbian, gay) or any gender (bisexual);
  • whose gender identity and/or expression does not correspond to the sex they were assigned at birth (trans, non-binary);
  • who are born with sex characteristics that do not fit the typical definition of male or female (intersex); and
  • whose identity does not fit into a binary classification of sexuality and/or gender (queer)

 

M

mukhtar

Local community leader

 

N

NGO

Non-Governmental Organisation

 

P

Peshmerga

Military forces of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

PKK

Kurdistan Worker’s Party

PMF

Popular Mobilisation Forces

PMU

Popular Mobilisation Units, also called Popular Mobilisation Forces, or al-Hashd al Shaabi

PUK

Patriotic Union of Kurdistan

 

Q

QD

(Qualification Directive)

Directive 2011/95/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on standards for the qualification of third-country nationals or stateless persons as beneficiaries of international protection, for a uniform status for refugees or for persons eligible for subsidiary protection, and for the content of the protection granted

 

S

Sharia

The religious law of Islam, Islamic canonical law

SGBV

Sexual and Gender Based Violence

 

T

Takfiri or Takfir

An Arabic word meaning ‘unbeliever’;

Extremist Islamist ideology employed by ISIL to declare individuals as apostates or impure, used against those who do not pledge allegiance.

TM

Tribal Mobilisation (militias)

 

U

UN

United Nations

UNAMI

United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq

UNHCR

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

UNICEF

United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund

UNOCHA

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

UNRWA

The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East

urf

Tribal customary law; also known as aadat or al-qada al-asha’iri

US

United States of America

USDOS

United States Department of State

 

V

VBIED

Vehicle-borne improvised explosive device