This chapter looks into the topic of 'actors of persecution or serious harm'. It focuses on the main actors in Iraq, their areas of presence and control, the violations they have reportedly committed, and, where applicable, their structure and organisation.

 
The contents of this chapter include:
 

• Preliminary remarks
• Overview: areas of control
• 1.1. The Iraqi State actors
• 1.2. Popular Mobilisation Forces and Tribal Mobilisation Militias
• 1.3. Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) authorities
• 1.4. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)
• 1.5. Tribes
• 1.6. Other non-State actors