Home EASO Asylum Report 2021 Section 1. Global overview of asylum in 2020 Global patterns in international protection needs 2020 Table of Contents Foreword Acknowledgements Acronyms and abbreviations Introduction Section 1. Global overview of asylum in 2020 Global patterns in international protection needs 2020 1.1 General overview 1.2 Resettlement at the global level in 2020 1.3 Digital connectivity and digitalisation Section 2. Major developments in asylum in the European Union in 2020 2.1 Road to a Common European Asylum System 2.1.1 First and second phases of CEAS and the 2016 reform proposals 2.1.2 The European Commission’s new Pact on Migration and Asylum 2.2 Responding to the new reality of the COVID-19 pandemic 2.3 Key developments in policy and practices at the EU level 2.3.1 Presidencies of the Council of the European Union 2.3.2 Situation at the EU external borders and migration routes 2.3.3 Pressure on the Greek borders and islands 2.3.4 Relocation following search and rescue operations 2.3.5 EU resettlement schemes 2.3.6 UK withdrawal from the EU and its implications on asylum 2.4 External dimension of EU policy 2.5 Jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the EU 2.5.1 Effective access to the asylum procedure 2.5.2 Personal interviews in inadmissible cases 2.5.3 Assessment of prosecution or punishment for refusal to perform military service 2.5.4 Safe third country concept 2.5.5 Use of detention 2.5.6 Guidance for second instance procedures 2.5.7 Non-discrimination of naturalised beneficiaries of international protection 2.5.8 Age of minors in family reunification 2.5.9 Applying the Return Directive 2.5.10 Fulfilling obligations of relocations 2.5.11 Restrictions on the work of NGOs Section 3. EASO support to countries Section 4. Functioning of the Common European Asylum System Section 4.1 Access to procedure 4.1.1 Arriving to the European Union: Access to territory 4.1.2 Data on applications for international protection 4.1.3 Socio-economic indicators to analyse the situation of asylum 4.1.4 Arranging the first steps of the asylum procedure Section 4.2 The Dublin procedure 4.2.1 Decisions on outgoing Dublin requests 4.2.2 Acceptance rate for Dublin requests 4.2.3 Decisions on take charge and take back requests 4.2.4 National efforts to amend the overall process 4.2.5 Guidance and research on the application of the Dublin III Regulation 4.2.6 Concerns around the clauses related to family reunification 4.2.7 Use of the discretionary clause 4.2.8 Assessing transfers to specific countries: The cases of Bulgaria, Greece and Italy 4.2.9 Implementation of transfers to another Member State 4.2.10 Following an implemented transfer Section 4.3 Special procedures to assess protection needs 4.3.1 Border procedures 4.3.2 Safe country of origin and safe third country concept 4.3.3 Accelerated procedures 4.3.4 Admissibility procedures 4.3.5 Repeated applications Section 4.4 Processing asylum applications at first instance 4.4.1 Setting up more efficient systems 4.4.2 Decisions issued on first instance asylum applications 4.4.3 Managing case loads 4.4.4 Withdrawn applications 4.4.5 Assessing applications 4.4.6 Managing time limits and notifications 4.4.7 Organising personal interviews 4.4.8 Training staff 4.4.9 Monitoring and quality assurance 4.4.10 Accessing case files Section 4.5 Processing asylum applications at second or higher instances 4.5.1 Reorganising second instance bodies 4.5.2 Data on second and higher instances 4.5.3 Suspension of a return during an appeal 4.5.4 Adapting oral and written procedures 4.5.5 Managing time limits and the backlog on appeals 4.5.6 Digitalising processes 4.5.7 Revising the notification of decisions Section 4.6 Pending cases Section 4.7 Reception of applicants for international protection 4.7.1 Organisation and functioning of reception systems 4.7.1.1 Changing institutional environments 4.7.1.2 Adjusting reception capacity 4.7.1.3 Reorganising and adapting reception systems 4.7.1.4 Support for the administration of reception facilities 4.7.1.5 Renovation and refurbishment needs 4.7.1.6 Providing and supporting reception out of reception centres 4.7.1.7 Entitlement to material reception conditions 4.7.2 Applicants’ daily life 4.7.2.1 House rules and measures for disruptive applicants 4.7.2.2 Freedom of movement 4.7.2.3 Employment 4.7.2.4 Education and orientation 4.7.2.5 Health 4.7.2.6 Financial support Section 4.8 Detention during the asylum procedure 4.8.1 Recourse to detention 4.8.2 Temporary practical arrangements 4.8.3 Types of detention facilities and capacity 4.8.4 Conditions in detention facilities 4.8.5 Detention of minors and applicants with special needs 4.8.6 Alternatives to detaining applicants 4.8.7 Training detention staff 4.8.8 Overseeing the framework for detention Section 4.9 Access to information 4.9.1 Providing information on the asylum procedure 4.9.2 Informing applicants about their rights and obligations in the context of everyday life 4.9.3 Providing information about the return of rejected applicants Section 4.10 Legal assistance and representation 4.10.1 Organising legal assistance and representation 4.10.2 Accessing legal aid 4.10.3 Providing legal assistance to appeal a decision 4.10.4 Ensuring the quality of legal aid Section 4.11 Interpretation services 4.11.1 Providing interpretation 4.11.2 Organisations responsible for interpreters 4.11.3 Improving quality 4.11.4 Making new information available 4.11.5 New working methods Section 4.12 Country of origin information Section 4.13 Statelessness in the asylum context 4.13.1 Understanding statelessness and statelessness-related trends 4.13.2 Changing legislation and policies 4.13.3 Areas for improvement Section 4.14 Content of protection 4.14.1 Granting international protection: Recognition rates 4.14.1.1 Recognition rates at first instance 4.14.1.2 Recognition rates for specific nationalities of applicants 4.14.1.3 Differences in recognition rates across receiving countries 4.14.1.4 Recognition rates at second or higher instances 4.14.2 Building perspectives: Legal status and family reunification 4.14.2.1 National forms of protection and regularisation measures 4.14.2.2 Review, cessation and revocation of international protection status 4.14.2.3 Residence permits 4.14.2.4 Family reunification 4.14.2.5 Identity and travel documents 4.14.2.6 Beneficiaries of international protection moving to another Member State 4.14.3 Developing policies: Integration plans and their evaluations 4.14.3.1 Developing and updating integration strategies 4.14.3.2 Revising integration legislation 4.14.3.3 Examples on funding integration 4.14.3.4 Fostering cooperation among different stakeholders 4.14.3.5 Evaluation of integration plans and integration support 4.14.4 Support for integration: Orientation, education, employment, health and welfare 4.14.4.1 Individual integration plans 4.14.4.2 Employment 4.14.4.3 Education 4.14.4.4 Language instruction 4.14.4.5 Social welfare 4.14.4.6 Health care 4.14.4.7 Housing 4.14.4.8 Social orientation Section 4.15 Return of former applicants 4.15.1 Regulating returns at the European level 4.15.2 Coordinated EU approach and increasing role of Frontex 4.15.3 Authorities responsible for the return procedure 4.15.4 Refining national legislation on the issuance of a return decision to third-country nationals 4.15.5 Efficiency of the return process 4.15.6 Programmes supporting return and reintegration assistance 4.15.7 Providing information on return 4.15.8 Return of minors 4.15.9 Implementing a return Section 4.16 Resettlement and humanitarian admissions 4.16.1 Impediments to reaching national resettlement quotas in 2020 4.16.2 Citizenship of resettled refugees 4.16.3 National developments in resettlement programmes 4.16.4 Community Sponsorship Programmes Section 5. Children and applicants with special needs 5.1 Children going through the asylum procedure 5.1.1 Data 5.1.2 Determining identity and assessing the age of a child applicant 5.1.3 Legal representation and designating a legal guardian 5.1.4 The importance of using child-friendly communication 5.1.5 Detention and return of minors 5.2 Identifying and attending to special needs 5.3 Protecting women and girls 5.4 Victims of human trafficking 5.5 LGBTI applicants in the asylum procedure 5.6 Reception of applicants with special needs Concluding remarks: The way forward Bibliography Reader’s guide Statistical tables Infographics Citation Please cite as: EUAA, 'Global patterns in international protection needs 2020' in EASO Asylum Report 2021, January 2022. Copy Share Print Global patterns in international protection needs, 2020 Sources: EASO and data from UNCHR #EASOAsylumReport2021 Download infographic (PDF) (JPG) ........ ........ 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