Abbreviations and glossary

Table of contents
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A • B • C • D • E • F • G • H • I • J • K • L • M • N • O • P • Q • R • S • T • U • V • W • X • Y • Z 

A

AFRICOM

United States Africa Command

AMISOM

African Union Mission in Somalia

AMNIYAT

 The intelligence unit of Al-Shabaab

ASWJ

 Ahlu Sunna Wal-Jama’ah

ATMIS

African Transitional Mission in Somalia

 

C

CAT

Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

CJEU

Court of Justice of the European Union

CEAS

Common European Asylum System

COI

Country of origin information
 

D

darwish

  • State level: armed forces/militias/paramilitary/special police
  • Darwish (Federal Police): Paramilitary unit of the Somali Police Force distinct from the state level unofficial darwish

diya

payment of compensation

E

EASO

EUAA

European Asylum Support Office

European Union Agency for Asylum

ECHR

Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention on Human Rights), as amended by Protocols Nos. 11 and 14, 4 November 1950

ECtHR

European Court of Human Rights

ENDF

Ethiopian National Defence Force

EU

European Union

 

F

FGM/C

female genital mutilation/cutting

FGS

Federal Government of Somalia

FMS

Federal Member States

 

G

gaashaanbuur

military alliance

H

hadd crimes

Crimes that are ‘against the rights of God’ under Islamic religious law

(plural huduud)

 

I

ID

identification documentation

IDP(s)

Internally displaced person(s)

IED

improvised explosive device

IPA

international protection alternative

ISS

Islamic State in Somalia

 

J

jilib

the group below which the community assumes the payment of ‘the blood price’ (diya)

 

L

LGBTIQ persons

 

 

 

 

LGBTIQ persons are persons:

  • who are attracted to others of their own gender (lesbian, gay) or any gender (bisexual);
  • whose gender identity and/or expression does not correspond to the sex they were assigned at birth (trans, non-binary);
  • who are born with sex characteristics that do not fit the typical definition of male or female (intersex); and
  • whose identity does not fit into a binary classification of sexuality and/or gender (queer)

 

M

Ma’awiisley A local clan militia, also referred to as Macawiisley, Macawiisleey, Macawisley, named after the sarong, a common piece of clothing.

mukhtar

local community leader

 

N

NIS

National Intelligence Service

NISA

National Intelligence and Security Agency

NGO

Non-Governmental Organisation

 

P

PMPF

Puntland Maritime Police Force

PSF

Puntland Security Force

 

Q

QD

(Qualification Directive)

Directive 2011/95/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on standards for the qualification of third-country nationals or stateless persons as beneficiaries of international protection, for a uniform status for refugees or for persons eligible for subsidiary protection, and for the content of the protection granted

qisas

retaliation under Sharia Law

R

RRU

Rapid responses Units

 

S

Sharia

the religious law of Islam, Islamic canonical law

SNA

Somalia National Army

SPF

Somali Police Force

SPU

Special Police Unit
SVBIED Suicide-vehicle born improvised explosive devices

 

U

UAE United Arab Emirates

UK

United Kingdom

UN

United Nations

UNHCR

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

UNICEF

United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund

UNOCHA

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

UNSG

United Nations Secretary General

US

United States of America

X

xeer

customary (clan) law

 

Z

zakat

the annual religious obligation to pay a specific percentage of a person’s wealth to the poor