| This country guidance is currently under review. In view of the recent significant changes in Syria, notably the fall of the Assad regime, some conclusions within this document may no longer be valid. When examining the international protection needs of applicants from Syria, please consider the most up-to-date country of origin information available. |
COMMON ANALYSIS
Last update: April 2024
In Syria, a wide range of different groups and individuals can be considered as actors of persecution or serious harm. This includes a multitude of internal and international actors pursuing their own interests and goals [Security 2023, 1.3, pp. 18-24; Actors, 1.2, pp. 4-11].
Since a March 2020 ceasefire which froze the last major frontline in Idlib governorate, the country has been de facto partitioned into four main areas controlled by different parties to the conflict: the GoS-controlled area (about two thirds of the country), the northeast controlled by the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), a territory in northern Syria under control of the Syrian National Army (SNA) and the area in the northwest controlled by the rebel group Hay’at Tahrir Al-Sham (HTS) [Security 2023, 1.1, pp. 16-17].
The map below (Figure 1) outlines the approximate areas of control and influence in the country as of June 2023. This map presents an indication and cannot be seen as an absolute representation of the situation in terms of spatial or temporal accuracy. The depictions on this map do not imply any opinion on the part of the EUAA concerning the legal status or effective control over any territory in the country
Figure 1. © UN Geospatial, Approximate areas of influence as of June 2023.
For more information on territorial control and/or presence of the actors of persecution or serious harm listed below, please refer to 5.3.4. Indiscriminate violence under Article 15(c) QD.
See other topics concerning actors of persecution or serious harm: