- Introduction
- Guidance note
- Common analysis
- General remarks
- 1. Actors of persecution or serious harm
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2. Refugee status
- Preliminary remarks
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Analysis of particular profiles
- 2.1. Individuals targeted by Boko Haram
- 2.2. (Perceived) Boko Haram members or supporters
- 2.3. Members of separatist movements and individuals perceived as supporting them
- 2.4. Members of militant groups in the Niger Delta and individuals perceived as supporting them
- 2.5. Members and perceived supporters of political parties
- 2.6. Individuals involved in and affected by conflicts between herders and farmers
- 2.7. Human rights activists, bloggers, journalists and other media workers
- 2.8. Christian and Muslim minorities in specific areas
- 2.9. Individuals accused of witchcraft
- 2.10. Individuals with albinism
- 2.11. Individuals fearing ritual killing
- 2.12. Individuals refusing chieftaincy titles
- 2.13. Individuals targeted by student cults
- 2.14. LGBTIQ persons
- 2.15. Victims of human trafficking, including forced prostitution
- 2.16. Women and girls
- 2.17. Children
- 2.18. Persons with disabilities or severe medical issues, including mental health issues
- 2.19. Individuals accused of crimes in Nigeria
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3. Subsidiary protection
- 3.1. Article 15(a) QD
- 3.2. Article 15(b) QD
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3.3. Article 15(c) QD
- Preliminary remarks
- 3.3.1. Armed conflict (international or internal)
- 3.3.2. Qualification of a person as a ‘civilian’
- 3.3.3. Indiscriminate violence
- 3.3.4. Serious and individual threat
- 3.3.5. Qualification of the harm as ‘threat to (a civilian’s) life or person
- 3.3.6. Nexus/’by reason of’
- 4. Actors of protection
- 5. Internal protection alternative
- 6. Exclusion
- Abbreviations and glossary
- Country of origin information references
- Relevant case law
Criminal violence constitutes a serious security and public safety concern in Nigeria, especially crimes committed by organised groups, such as cults, traffickers in human beings, bandits engaged in cattle rustling, etc. An increasing level of violence and firearms proliferation is noted across the country, particularly manifesting in ransom kidnapping along highways and in schools, armed robbery and other forms of violent crime committed by gangs.
The cases of several profiles must be carefully examined, taking into account the applicant’s activities, role, responsibilities, etc. Examples include members of student cults, traffickers or members of other criminal organisations, members of militant groups in the Niger Delta, etc.
The personnel of some Nigerian authorities and of the hisbah, may also be found responsible for serious (non-political) crimes.
Child marriages, domestic violence, FGM/C, and other widespread practices in Nigeria could also amount to serious (non-political) crimes under Article 12(2)(b) QD/Article 17(1)(b) QD.