- Introduction
- Guidance note
- Common analysis
- General remarks
- 1. Actors of persecution or serious harm
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2. Refugee status
- Preliminary remarks
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Analysis of particular profiles
- 2.1. Persons associated with the government of Somalia and/or international actors
- 2.2. Individuals fearing recruitment by Al-Shabaab and deserters from Al-Shabaab
- 2.3. Individuals refusing to pay ‘taxes’ to Al-Shabaab
- 2.4. Humanitarian workers and human rights defenders
- 2.5. Journalists
- 2.6. Individuals (perceived as) contravening social or religious laws/tenets
- 2.7. Individuals involved in blood feuds/clan disputes
- 2.8. Individuals accused of crimes in Somalia
- 2.9. Minorities
- 2.10. LGBTIQ persons
- 2.11. Women and girls
- 2.12. Children
- 2.13. Persons with disabilities and severe medical issues
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3. Subsidiary protection
- 3.1. Article 15(a) QD
- 3.2. Article 15(b) QD
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3.3. Article 15(c) QD
- Preliminary remarks
- 3.3.1. Armed conflict (international or internal)
- 3.3.2. Qualification of a person as a ‘civilian’
- 3.3.3. Indiscriminate violence
- 3.3.4. Serious and individual threat
- 3.3.5. Qualification of the harm as ‘threat to (a civilian’s) life or person
- 3.3.6. Nexus/’by reason of’
- 4. Actors of protection
- 5. Internal protection alternative
- 6. Exclusion
- Abbreviations and glossary
- Country of origin information references
- Relevant case law
This chapter addresses the EU-regulated status of subsidiary protection and the situations in which, where the applicant has not been found to qualify as a refugee, they may be eligible for subsidiary protection in accordance with Article 15 QD (see also Article 10(2) APD).
The contents of this chapter include:
- Under the section Article 15(a) QD, the analysis focuses on the applicable EU legal framework and the factual circumstances surrounding the ‘death penalty or execution’ in Somalia.
- The section on Article 15(b) QD looks into the risk of ‘torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment’ in relation to particular circumstances in Somalia.
- Under the section Article 15(c) QD, the analysis covers the different elements of the provision, looking into: ‘armed conflict’, ‘qualification of a person as a ‘civilian’’, ‘indiscriminate violence’, ‘serious and individual threat’ (where further individualisation elements are discussed), ‘qualification of the harm as ‘threat to life or person’’, and the interpretation of the nexus ‘by reasons of’. The sub-section on ‘indiscriminate violence’ includes an assessment of the situation in each region in Somalia.