Abbreviations and glossary

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A • B • C • D • E • F • G • H • I • J • K • L • M • N • O • P • Q • R • S • T • U • V • W • X • Y • Z

A

AFRICOM	United States Africa Command
AMISOM	African Union Mission in Somalia
ASWJ	Ahlu Sunna Wal-Jama’ah

C

CAT	Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
CJEU	Court of Justice of the European Union
CEAS	Common European Asylum System
COI	Country of origin information

D

*darwish*	State level: armed forces/militias/paramilitary/special police Darwish (Federal Police): Paramilitary unit of the Somali Police Force distinct from the state level unofficial darwish
*diya*	payment of compensation

E

EASO EUAA	European Asylum Support Office European Union Agency for Asylum
ECHR	Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention on Human Rights), as amended by Protocols Nos. 11 and 14, 4 November 1950
ECtHR	European Court of Human Rights
ENDF	Ethiopian National Defence Force
EU	European Union

F

FGM/C	female genital mutilation/cutting
FGS	Federal Government of Somalia
FMS	Federal Member States

H

hadd crimes

Crimes that are ‘against the rights of God’ under Islamic religious law

(plural huduud)

I

ID	identification documentation
IDP(s)	Internally displaced person(s)
IED	improvised explosive device
IPA	international protection alternative
ISS	Islamic State in Somalia

J

jilib

the group below which the community assumes the payment of ‘the blood price’ (diya)

L

LGBTIQ persons

LGBTIQ persons are persons:

who are attracted to others of their own gender (lesbian, gay) or any gender (bisexual);
whose gender identity and/or expression does not correspond to the sex they were assigned at birth (trans, non-binary);
who are born with sex characteristics that do not fit the typical definition of male or female (intersex); and
whose identity does not fit into a binary classification of sexuality and/or gender (queer)

N

NIS	National Intelligence Service
NISA	National Intelligence and Security Agency
NGO	Non-Governmental Organisation

P

PMPF	Puntland Maritime Police Force
PSF	Puntland Security Force

Directive 2011/95/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on standards for the qualification of third-country nationals or stateless persons as beneficiaries of international protection, for a uniform status for refugees or for persons eligible for subsidiary protection, and for the content of the protection granted

qisas

retaliation under Sharia Law

R

RRU

Rapid responses Units

S

*Sharia*	the religious law of Islam, Islamic canonical law
SNA	Somalia National Army
SPF	Somali Police Force
SPU	Special Police Unit

U

UK	United Kingdom
UN	United Nations
UNHCR	United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNICEF	United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
UNOCHA	United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
UNSG	United Nations Secretary General
US	United States of America

X

xeer

customary (clan) law

Z

zakat

the annual religious obligation to pay a specific percentage of a person’s wealth to the poor

A

C

D

E

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