Home Country Guidance Somalia 2022 3. Subsidiary protection 3.3. Article 15(c) QD 3.3.3. Indiscriminate violence Assessment by region Somaliland New version of this publication is available Table of Contents Introduction Guidance note General remarks Actors of persecution or serious harm Refugee status Guidance on particular profiles with regard to qualification for refugee status Subsidiary protection Article 15(a) QD Article 15(b) QD Article 15(c) QD Actors of protection Internal protection alternative Exclusion Common analysis General remarks 1. Actors of persecution or serious harm Preliminary remarks 1.1. Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) forces 1.2. Federal Member States (FMS) forces and Somaliland forces 1.3. Al-Shabaab 1.4. Clans and clan militias 1.5. Islamic State in Somalia (ISS) 1.6. AMISOM 1.7. AFRICOM 1.8. Other non-State actors 2. Refugee status Preliminary remarks Analysis of particular profiles 2.1. Persons associated with the government of Somalia and/or international actors Overview 2.1.1. Federal and state officials 2.1.2. Members of the federal and state armed forces 2.1.3. Electoral delegates 2.1.4. Civilians perceived as ‘spies’ by Al-Shabaab 2.2. Individuals fearing recruitment by Al-Shabaab and deserters from Al-Shabaab 2.2.1. Persons fearing forced recruitment by Al-Shabaab 2.2.2. Child recruitment by Al-Shabaab 2.2.3. Deserters from Al-Shabaab 2.3. Individuals refusing to pay ‘taxes’ to Al-Shabaab 2.4. Humanitarian workers and human rights defenders 2.5. Journalists 2.6. Individuals (perceived as) contravening social or religious laws/tenets 2.6.1. Individuals (perceived as) contravening Islamic laws in Al-Shabaab controlled areas 2.6.2. Individuals (perceived as) contravening Islamic and customary tenets outside Al-Shabaab controlled areas 2.7. Individuals involved in blood feuds/clan disputes 2.8. Individuals accused of crimes in Somalia 2.9. Minorities Minorities: overview 2.9.1. Low status occupational minorities 2.9.2. Ethnic minorities 2.9.3. Groups specialised in religious services 2.9.4. Clans which can be considered minority groups in local contexts 2.9.5. Individuals in mixed marriages 2.10. LGBTIQ persons 2.11. Women and girls 2.11.1. Violence against women and girls: overview 2.11.2. Violence by Al-Shabaab 2.11.3. Child marriage and forced marriage 2.11.4. Female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C) 2.11.5. Women and girls in clan conflicts 2.11.6. Single women and female heads of households 2.12. Children 2.13. Persons with disabilities and severe medical issues 3. Subsidiary protection 3.1. Article 15(a) QD 3.2. Article 15(b) QD 3.3. Article 15(c) QD Preliminary remarks 3.3.1. Armed conflict (international or internal) 3.3.2. Qualification of a person as a ‘civilian’ 3.3.3. Indiscriminate violence Indicators of indiscriminate violence Assessment of indiscriminate violence in Somalia Assessment by region Jubbaland Gedo Middle Juba Lower Juba South-West Bakool Bay Lower Shabelle Benadir/Mogadishu Hirshabelle Hiraan Middle Shabelle Galmudug Galgaduud Mudug Puntland Nugal Bari Regions contested between Somaliland and Puntland Sool Sanaag Somaliland Awdal Wogoyi Galbeed Togdheer 3.3.4. Serious and individual threat 3.3.5. Qualification of the harm as ‘threat to (a civilian’s) life or person 3.3.6. Nexus/’by reason of’ 4. Actors of protection 4.1. The State The Somali State Authorities of Somaliland 4.2.Parties or organisations Al-Shabaab 4.3. Considerations on clan support 5. Internal protection alternative Preliminary remarks 5.1. Part of the country 5.2. Safety 5.3. Travel and admittance 5.4. Reasonableness to settle 5.4.1. General situation 5.4.2. Individual circumstances 5.4.3. Conclusions on reasonableness 6. Exclusion Preliminary remarks 6.1. Relevant circumstances 6.2. Guidance with regard to Somalia Abbreviations and glossary Country of origin information references Relevant case law Share Print For the contested areas, Sool and Sanaag, between Somaliland and Puntland, see Regions contested between Somaliland and Puntland. Read the analysis and conclusions regarding the regions of: Awdal Wogoyi Galbeed Togdheer Book traversal links for Somaliland Previous Parent Next
